Apparatus fortreating bituminous compounds



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

E. F. BADGLEY. APPARATUS FOR TREATING BITUMINOUS OOMPOUNUS.

No. 542,701. Patented July 16, 1895.

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m I i u M A El El WITNEEEE INVENTEIH g wa fg m (No Model.) 3Sheets-Sheet 3 E.-F.BADGLEY. V APPARATUS FOR TREATING BITUMINOUSCOMPOUNDS, No. 542,701.

Patented July 16, 1895 7/IIll/ll///////////////////Ill/l/ /l//l/lfirrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr rr rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrlalllrllfflllllllllllll INVENTUH EUGENE F. BADG'LEY, OF SAN FRANCISCO,CALIFORNIA.

APPARATUS FORTREATING BITUMINOUS COMPOUNDS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 542,701, dated July 16,1895. Application filed May 31, 1894. Serial No. 513,079. (No model.)

ling Bituminous or Similar Oompounds;and I hereby declare thefollowingto be afull, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as willenable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and usethe same, ref erence being had to the aecompanyingdrawings, and to theletters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of thisspecification.

This invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture ofarticles that can be made from earthy compounds or mixtures containing acertain proportion of inaltha,

vasphaltum, bitumen, residuum of black petroleurn, or similarsubstances, whether these compounds or mixtures be used alone orcombined with a sheet of paper or textile or other fabric.

The said improvements are carried out by means of the process andapparatus hereinafter described. t

The process consists, first, in tempering the compounds by driving outthe oily or lubricating matters, wholly or partly, as the case mayrequire, thus eliminating the Vaseline or other greasy portion thereof,with the result that the compounds develop greater tensile strength andresisting power and will stand solar heat, an advantage not to be hadwhere the oily substances are allowed to remain, since these substancesact as a flux and soften the mixtures containing them when exposed tothe rays of the sun, as is the case with the ordinary mixtures employedfor street use. The tempering is elfected by means of dry heat generatedand applied in any suitable manner, and particularly by directing ablast of hot air through the compounds while they are being mixed.

A second part of the process consists in rendering the compounds moretractable for manipulation and manufacturing purposesthat is to say,preventing their stickipg, gathering in lumps, or forming ill-shaped objects which is effected by handling and working the compounds in a hotstate in or upon structures and with appliances and tools hotter thanthe compounds themselves.

A third part of the process is to hasten the setting and hardening ofthe articles made with the compounds, which is done by chilling orcooling the same through the agency I of wet implements or water insuitable receptacles.

The above-mentioned process is carried out by means of the apparatusillustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1- is a sideelevation, partly in section; Fig. 2, a plan; Fig. 3, a view similar toFig. 1,showing a modification of the structure represented in thatfigure; Fig. 4, a detailed view in perspective of certain plates usedwhen handling heavy or thick compounds;

Fig. 5, a plan of the modified form of con struction shown at Fig. 3;Fig. 6, a perspective View of a two-edged scraper used upon theapparatus; Fig. 7, a perspective view of a rotary cutter used inconnection with said scraper; Fig. 8, a longitudinal section ofcomposition pipes with metal core made on the apparatus; Fig. 9, a viewsimilar to the preceding, but showing a different pipe-joint;

Fig. 10, a perspective view of a composition pipe comprising a wrappingof wire; Fig. 11, a perspective view of a composition pipe between thelayers of which a sheet of metal is inserted; and Fig. 12, aperspectiveview of a pin-studded plate used in making composition pipes.

In the figures, A represents a mixer con sisting of a closed tank, theinside of which is surrounded with a coil of steam or hot-air pipes Band having a central vertical shaft 0 provided with blades or stirrers Dand rotated through gearing E by means of a suitable engine or motor.This mixer is set upon a furnace F, which supplies the heat that keepsthe various parts of the apparatus hot.

The 5 subjected to a comparatively high degree of heat derived both fromthe surrounding steam or hot-air pipesand from a hotlblast of air forcedthrough the compounds by any known form of blower. The heating iscontinued until the compounds have been tempered to suitthat is, more orless deprived of the oily matters, according. to the purpose for whichthey are to be utilized. If, forinstance,

they are to be used for street pavements and therefore soon to beexposed to solarheat, they may be rid of all the oil or greasy matterwhich they contain. If, on the other hand, they are to form undergroundpipes or conduits, it is thought best to use the tempering or refiningprocess sparingly and let nature perform the work of eliminatingthe'oils, which it will do byslow degrees.

The oily or greasy matters arising from the mixed and heated compoundsare driven out of the mixer throughanoutlet H anda pipej 1 into acondenser J where they are collected. By the useof the condenser one cansave the lubricating-oils and judgeaboutthe-mixturd in themiXing-tank-thatis, ascertain its ex-i act state and the quantity left.

. l The condenser may be removed from the position'given' to it in thedrawings to some other place, ifdcsired, and the heat from thesmoke-stack K may then 'be'utili-zed to heat and dry the silicates orcomposite matt'ersin the space thus left vacant beforemixing in thetank. This previous'heating of the sili- 'catesis-desirable, as it hasbeen found from experience that'when so heated they mix withf theo'theringre dients much better than when they are cold.

An'open mixer A (represented in'Figsb3 and 5) is employed when refinedasphalts are used'for instance, in the prepationof cemcuts forpipe-joints. "In such cases the ingredients are first heated in separatekettles and then poured into the mixer which isle'ft uncovered and isoperated without the hot-air mixing "is going on in theother.

' the'coinpounds treated or'tempered in the mixing-tank are to beworked. If desired the table L may be set at aslight incline toward ascrap box or pan L located at its outer end to allow the-scrap or wastematerial'to run off easily.

The compoundsare transferred from the mixer onto the table L through afeeder N,

which is suitably supported above said table.

However, they are allowed to cool down to a suitable condition beforethis is done. The cooled material is let out-of the mixing-tank througha door 0 and runs down into the feeder N, which is heated by hot-air orsteam pipes P and kept at a temperature a few degrees higher than thatof the material. From the feeder the material runs down by gravity ontothe table, which alsois'maintained at an advanced temperature, saidmaterial passing through an opening or slotcontrolled by a gate Q. Thisgate is so arranged that it can be raised or lowered to permit differentthicknesses-of material to come 'out,according to the purpose in View.One feeder only need be used where two'mixers are employed, for bothtanks can be made to discharge into a single feeder, as representedatFig. 5.

"Upon the innerend of the table L, under the feeder N, is mounted aree'l' or spool Rfdesigned to carry a roll-ofperforated'paper,canvas,open mesh cloth," wire cloth, or sheet metal 8, which is used inthe-manufacture of various articles made out of the bituminous or'similarcompounds-and nlay be eitherwound 'ina con-tinuousw eb oricutnp' in" sheets of convenient dimensions. The 're'el, beinglocatedbelow the mixer and-behind the feeder,

is-broughtvery close to the furnace and'con sequently thematerialthereonabsorbs much of the heat of its surroundings andis therefore freed frommoisture, bein'g'in good'condition when unwound and drawn out fromunder'the feeder to-be worked'with the heated compound that is whospread over it. Were the "paperor other sheet of= material carried bythe reel-wet or damp, the'compoundwould not adhere toit, oronlytiinperfectly"so,'-whereas, by having it dry: and hot, the'compoundreadily sti'cks toitandthe work may be done with ease anddispatch.

T designates a roller, which serves to smooth down or'iron the compoundonthe table before, whi1e,and' after'it 'is fashion-ed, molded, ormanufactured. This roller-is hollow and is heated in any approv'edmanneig as'by gasjetsor by a Wood or charcoal firemadein it. This rolleris mounted in the movable'c'arria'ge or standards 25 adapted to travelover the-table. Itwill be "readily understood "that by setting thesestandards at a greater or-less angle the roller may beadjustedvertically,- so

as to accommodate anygdesired thickness of the material-on the table.

U is a scraper and cutting-appliance"consisting of a plate thinned downat 'thesides to form two edges and provided with acentrallongitudinalgroove u. Itisused for loosening the compounds from thetable L' -and cutting the same into sheets, blocks,or-pieces of suitabledimensions. When employed for the latter purpose, it is used inconjunction with a rotary cutter or cutting-'wheel'V, as represented atFigs. 1 and 2, the plate U being slipped under the=material to be cutandthe cutter run over it along the groove u. Both the scraper and cutterare kepthot, like/ ICC IlO

" ground conduits for telegraph or telephone wires or cables,pile-covering or armor, fenceposts, panels for wainscoting, floor-tiles,slabs for various uses, flower-pots and vases, insu lators, and otherelectrical appliances, &c.

To make pipes, one has to employ a core or mandrel W, which may be usedwith or without the supports 20, as preferred. This core or mandrel maybe made of wood, but is preferably formed from nickel, or may be formedof any metal plated with nickel, as it has been found by experience thatthe compounds will not cling to this metal as they do to others.Furthermore, by forming a pipe or the like upon a core or mandrel formedfrom nickel or having a nickel surface theinterior of the pipe isrendered as smooth as if polished and the danger of the pipe beingclogged by sediment or filth is consequently reduced to a minimum. Ametallic core or mandrel is preferred'to a wooden one for the reasonstance thereon.

' afterward allowed to cool and contract.

that it expands under the in fluence of the heat imparted to it by thehot compound from which the'pipe is formed, and it can therefore beremoved from the pipe more easily when The core or mandrel should beslightly tapering and covered with a suitable paste or wash beforeforming the pipe thereon, so as to provide for its ready removalsubsequently.

When it is desired to make pipes, the sheet- S is drawn off the reel-ifmetal by tongs, or if cloth, wire-cloth, or paper bythe pin-coveredplate M shown at Fig. 12-and pulled forward under the feeder, so thatthe prepared compound may be spread over it. As it is drawn out andcoated with the mixture coming from the feeder, it is ironed-that is,smoothed and pressed downby means of the roller T, so that the compoundmay take through the perforations or meshes or otherwise cling to thesheet. The sheet is then carried around the rotary mandrel or core Wuntil the requisite number of layers have been formed, according to thestrength or thickness of pipe desired, when, if not of the exact sizewanted, it is cut by means of the rotary cutter V and cutting-plate U.The mandrel or core can be rotated with either a crank or pulley uponthe supports in which it is journaled, or else it may be removed fromits supports and rolled toward the feeder, bearing upon and taking upwith it from the table the sheet of flexible materialS and the plasticsub- After the pipe has been to appliances which are kept wet. -ers maybe made of metal or wood and, by

formed the mandrel and the ironing roller T are brought together androtated in opposite directions, sufficient pressure being exerted tocause the roller T to iron the pipe on the outside and spread out thelumpy portions, if any, and even the pipe from end to end. The pipe isnow ready to be chilled or cooled, and it is therefore carried over tochilling-rollers X, located in a water box or pan X, and upon which thepipe formed of the compound covered sheet S can be dampened or wet andcooled and the layers thereof caused to cling more closely to oneanother. Running the chilling-rollers in water (or spraying or pouringwater thereon) keeps them wet, and thereby prevents the pipe fromadhering to them, it being one of the peculiar characteristics of thecomposition'of matter entering into the formation of the pipe that justas it does not stick to appliances hotter than itself so it will notstick These rollpreference, are covered with cloth or other absorbentmateriaL- The pipe and core are held in position between the wet rollersby means -of stays m, each of which has an arm extending upwardly towardthe end of the table L to assist in guiding said pipe and core to place.There the pipe is cooled or chilled; principally on the outside, and thelayersof which it is composed are pressed more closely together. There,also, one may give the pipe the finishing touches .with wet tools or thehands covered with wet gloves, evening and polishing the outer surface,cutting or trimming the ends, forming sockets, (he. This done the pipeand mandrel or core are ready to be plunged into a bath or tank of waterY, where they are allowed to cool completely. Ropes Z, engagingthetrunnions of the mandrel or core and passing over pulleys running alonga suitable track above, are used to carry the pipe and keep it suspendedin the water,

so it may not touch the bottom of the tank,

and therefore be exposed to flatten by rea: son of its weight, whichwould occur with large-sized pipes if released before they gotsufliciently cold. When cooled enough to hold its shape, one end of thepipe (the smaller, if a tapering core be used) is allowed to drop in theWater and the mandrel or core is hoisted out, leaving the pipe in thewater until cold enough to roll outside, where it will improve by ageand exposure. It is preferable to use a tank of sufficient depth tostand the-pipe on end in the water after the mandrel or core is removed.Sometimes it may be found necessary to chill the hot pipe as it leavesthe ironer T in the water-tank Y before placing it on the wet rollers;but the process is substantially the same. As will be understood,several mandrels or cores may be used at the same time, so that when oneis removed from the table with the covering S wound around it anothermay take'its place for forming another pipe; Other parts of the ICO IIO

apparatus maybe duplicated in the same manner.

In the case of a stiff or low-grade mixturethatis, one containing asmall proportion of 5 bitumen or similar matter and therefore not welladapted to readily saturate or stick to the sheet S or bind the layersthereof closely together-it maybe found advisable at times to first passthe said sheetS through a thin so- IO lutionof bituminous substancebefore covering it with the thicker or lower grade compound. This may beaccomplished by running the sheet S, as it leaves the reel, under anidler or depression roller b, which will 1 5 cause it to dip into andpass through a basin L containing the lighter mixture before reachingthe outlet of the feeder. Both the light solution and the heavy mixturecan be prepared in the same mixing-tank.

It is not always necessary to run the hot roller Tover the materialspread on the sheet S whileit lies upon the table; butitis preferable todo so, since the heat draws the maltha and light waxy portions andsoftens the material on top, so that in forming the pipe the layers willmore readily adhere to each other. Ironing the material in this way willalso even the pipe.

'A permanent metallic core hV maysometimes be used with,advantage inmaking composition pipes, particularly a core madeof aluminium, as it isbelieved there is-no metal to which the bituminous compoundswillstickwith such tenacity as aluminium. In such 5 case the core isleft in, forming a part of the pipe. It may then give the benefit of aslip or sort-of stovepipe joint, as illustrated at Fig. 8, which is safeand regular and made doubly secure by wrapping it with strips of 40open-mesh canvas or burlap d dipped in the hot mixture and wound aroundthe outside where the two ends of. pipe cometogether, th us making aperfect and strong joint. A balljoint can also be made, as representedat Fig.

9. Thisform ofjointallows adjoininglengths of pipe to be set at variousangles, as indicated in the latter figure. The wrapping-d is used withthis kind of joint also.

In Fig.10 is illustrated another form of pipe, which, in addition to thecompound de scribed and the sheet S, comprises a wrapping S,of wire,that serves to render the pipe very strong and capable of resistinggreat pressure.

In making this form of pipe it is taken when only half made on themandrel or core IN, and

after plunging it into the cold bath orchilling it on the wet rollers itis wrappedfrom one end to the other with the wire S, after which themandrel or core is remounted in its bearbo ings in the supports 20 andone or more layers of the compound-covered sheet, according to strengthwanted, are wrapped around the wire,so as to cover, protect, andpreserve the same. Other ways'of wrapping the wire may be resorted to,if desired; but Whichever mode is followed the wire should be always outshorter than the compound-covered sheet, so

feeder 'to suit.

as shown in Figs. 3, at, and 5.

that it may be fully embedded in the pipe and hermetically sealed.

A sheet of metal S may be substituted for the wirewrapping S in certaincases, as shown in Fig. 11. The sheet-S is then placed between thelayers of the sheet S while forming the pipe'f'on the core or mandrelIV, in-

serting itand making it'a part of the pipe. The composition stickstoitrand preserves it from oxidation. It is also hermetically sealed bylapping the sheet S, coated with the mix- Said sheet S may be cut invarious lengths for one or more ture, over and beyond its edge.

' cut into strips, squares, or any other requisite form',as a, and madeinto the desired articles,

1 which are afterward transferred onto a board ortable a suspended froma rope Z or the arm ofa derrick Z and carried over to the cooling bath.The derrick Z should be as high as circumstances'will allow, so that itmay be swung-above the table L, and thus facilitate the removal of thearticles therei from.

When heavy slabs are made, or similar-articles that necessitate thespreading of the compound-to a considerable thickness over the sheet S,which is, therefore,-.exposed to be torn, owing t0 the excessof'weightbearing thereon, it is thought best in such cases to employauxiliary plates e, which are made of sheet-iron of suitable strengthand adapted to support the sheet S as it is passed under the feeder andwhile the compound isv pored on it. These platesarecoupled to oneanother bypinsf projecting upwardly from one of their edges and enteringcorresponding holes gin the adjoining edge of the next plate, The plates6 are slid under the feeder, back of the reel R, and thence passedunderthe roll of paperor other material, so the sheet S will bear on them.The sheet and plates supporting it can then be run under the roller binto the basin L which is made larger for this kind of work, and fromthe basin onto the table L.

-Once upon the table and covered with the compound, the sheet can beironed in the usual manner and cut up into slabs, as shown. The slabshaving been transferred to the cooling bath by the derrick, theauxiliary plates are removed from them and used overagain as many timesas desired- The effect of the cooling or chilling-is to hasten thesetting and hardening of the pipes and other articles so cooled orchilled. It assists in tightening the cloth,paper, canvas,

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or other fabric worked with the bituminous compounds and helps preservethe articles in as good a form as when they leave the ironer.

When making slabs with paper or cloth underneath one can lay on top ofthe compound a thin sheet of aluminium, which readily adheres to it,thus making a strong slab with aluminium plating.

For molding or casting vases, flower-pots, basins, and burial-casketsthe compound is allowed to run out on the hot plate or table L,'as inthe other cases. There, by keeping the table hotterthan the compound andusing hot tools, one can fashion or make articles of any desired shapeor form. The molded articles may be left to cool with or without the wetchilling process, as may be deemed best.

One may for this class of Work dispense with the feeder and reel bysetting the mixer ona lever with the hot table or plate and remove alsothe roller and mandrel.

It has also been found that bituminous compounds undergoing the abovedescribed treatment and manipulation are particularly serviceable inmaking coverings for ordinary metallic pipes. Wrapping a metallic pipeor tube in this way with a sheet of flexible material impregnated orcoated with a bituminous compound will keep it from :denting and afiordit protection when handling itor laying it in rough or rocky ground,thus improving, strengthening, and preserving it and making it possibleto have a metal pipe or tube of great pressure strength without waste ofmaterial and at a small expense.

Among other advantages offered by the process and apparatus hereinbeforedescribed is that by the use of the hot table or plate one is enabled towork and handle the bituminous compounds irrespective of theirconsistency. It has been found that a thick strong mix ture, such as iscalculated to give the best and most satisfactory results for certainpurposes, cannot well be taken up from a kettle by a sheet of paper,cloth, and the like, run

through it from a reel to a mandrel, pipe former, or core, as is done inother apparatuses,

since the heavier portions tend always to separate from the lighter onesand settle at the bottom of the kettle, whereas by having the paper orother material and the mixture on a table or plate, asin the abovedescribed apparatus, the mixture remains practically the same throughoutand the paper or other mate: rial isproperly charged, the compound beinguniform spreading of the paper or other sheet ofmaterial which is notsubject to sagging or so liable to shrinkage upon the table or plate asit is when passed through the compound in a kettle.

Composition pipes, especially that have been made according to theprocess and with the apparatus above described, will be found to bestrong and durable, though comparatively light, and notliable to scaleor peel nor to be affected by climatic changes.

What I now claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates, is-- 1. The combination of a furnace having a lateral extensionor table, a mixer arranged over the furnace, a feeder at the end of thetable adjacent to the furnace and receiving compound from the mixer, anda reel placed in rear of the feeder and below the mixer whereby it isbrought close to the furnace and source of heat, said reel carrying aroll of suitable material adapted to pass under the feeder and receivethe plastic compound therefrom.

2. The combination of a table, a feeder-arranged over the table anddischarging onto the same, a mixer located at the end of the table andabove and discharging into the feeder, and a vertically adjustableironing roller movable over the table to compress the compound thereon.v

3. The combination of a table, a feeder arranged above the table, amixer located at the end of the table above the feeder and discharginginto said feeder, a reel located in rear of the feeder and carrying aroll of suitable material adapted to pass under the feeder and receiveplastic compound therefrom, a mandrel at the opposite end of the tableupon which said material and the compound deposited thereon is wound, anironing roller mounted upon and movable over the table between thefeeder and the mandrel, and

means for heating the table, the mixer and compounds may be spread, agrooved scraper placed on said table, and a rotary cutter adapted toco-act with said scraper to cut the compounds;

5. The combination of a mixer, a hottable, a feeder receiving a compoundfrom the mixer and discharging it onto the table, a mandrel for formingarticles from the compound,a water-pan, and an absorbent roller arrangedin the water-pan and adapted to receive moisture and transmit it to thearticle on the mandrel.

6. The combination of a hot table, a feeder,

a sheet of suitable material adapted to pass under the feeder and toreceive a plastic compound therefrom over the table, and an intermediatebasin containing a lighter compound through which the material ispassed.

7. The combination of a hot table, a feeder, a roll of material adaptedto pass under the feeder and" to receivee plastic compound In testimonywhereofi l" affix x myisignature therefrom over thetable,'-an-intermediate 'i'npreseneeof two-Witnesses.

basin also containin a plastic com ound A I I through which saidlaterial isspasse ,'-and EUGENE BADGLEY 5 auxiliary plates supportingthe material Witnesses:

through the compound in the basinand onto A. H. STEL'lVIARIE,

the table. LEE D. CRAIG.

